This wide-ranging, keenly observed study provides a groundbreaking account of the highly contested process through which the Tibetan Buddhist region of Labrang became incorporated into the People's Republic of China. Drawing from thirteen years of archival research and fieldwork in and around the famous Geluk sect Tibetan Buddhist monastery, Charlene Makley situates the process of incorporation in the violent upheavals of Maoist socialist transformation that took place from 1950 through the 1970s and in the transition to globalization via Deng Xiaoping's capitalist market reforms of the 1980s and 1990s. Synthesizing social theory drawn from anthropology, political economy, gender studies, and linguistic anthropology, she finds that incorporation had quite different effects for Tibetan men and women, creating painful dilemmas across generations. Her study provides a sensitive and controversial examination of many different Tibetan voices and opens a new perspective on Sino-Tibetan relations in this important frontier region.

List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Notes on Transliteration
Abbreviations

Introduction: Bodies of Power
1. Fatherlands: Mapping Masculinities
2. Father State: Socialist Transformation and Gendered Historiography
3. Mother Home: Circumambulation, Femininities, and the Ambiguous Mobility of Women
4. Consuming Women: Consumption, Sexual Politics, and the Dangers of Mixing
5. Monks Are Men Too: Domesticating Monastic Subjects
Epilogue: Quandaries of Agency

Notes
References Cited
Index

Charlene E. Makley is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Reed College.

“Stands out as one of the few full-length studies that takes gender as its principal analytic tool. . . . A landmark ethnography.”—Jrnl of Gender Studies

“A useful guide.”—Chinese Cross Currents

“A remarkable study. . . . Makley is a terrifically talented writer and thinker, and the book is a significant contribution.”—Buddhadharma

“The Violence of Liberation is an innovative and timely evaluation of Tibetan religious revival and changing gender ideals and practices in post-Mao China-one of the first ethnographies based on extensive in a Tibetan community in China since its re-opening in the 1980s. Makley has provided a powerful and nuanced reading of gendered Tibetan and Chinese cultural orders.”—Charles F. McKhann, Director of Asian Studies, Whitman College

“Charlene Makely has produced an excellent, beautifully written book on the incorporation of a Tibetan area into the Chinese nation, and the gendered aspects of this process. The work sets a standard for future work in terms of the breadth and depth of its research.”—Beth Notar, author of Displacing Desire: Travel and Popular Culture in China