Martha Hollander's lively and gracefully written book considers one of the most intriguing features of seventeenth-century Dutch painting: the pictorial language of space, in particular the use of secondary scenes. Many Dutch pictures, especially genre scenes and portraits, introduce a gap through the trees; a view of distant mountains; views through windows, archways, open doors, and pulled-back curtains; or mirrors and pictures-within-pictures to comment on, explain, and enrich the primary scene that unfolds on the canvas. Hollander uncovers the meanings generated by the formal structure of such pictures, tracing their heritage in the medieval and Renaissance pictorial traditions of illuminated manuscripts, emblems, and stage design.

A number of Dutch painters, working for a fiercely competitive art market fostering experiment and novelty, created these secondary scenes in remarkably various and inventive ways. An Entrance for the Eyes focuses on striking features in the works of several artists who carried out bold experiments with space and meaning. Hollander introduces the ideas of pictorial organization formulated by Karel van Mander in both his paintings and his theoretical treatise Het Schilder-boeck. She explains how Gerard Dou (1613-1675), in his tightly constructed allegorical pictures, particularly those set in niches, used the secondary space to comment on the figure in the foreground. In a penetrating analysis of the early domestic scenes of Nicolaes Maes (1634-1693), she relates the juxtaposition of rooms in the household to the status and representation of women in seventeenth-century Holland. In the courtyard scenes and interiors of Pieter de Hooch (1629-1684), always open to the outdoors, she examines the articulation of the still fluid relationship between public and private life.

Hollander's narrative deals with complex issues in lucid and direct language. In tracing how the inventive juxtaposing of public and private spaces played out social anxieties and ideals, she inspires readers to look more closely and thoughtfully at the paintings.

Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction

I. Karel van Mander: The Language of Space
"An Entrance for the Eyes"
Images in Conversation
Into the Seventeenth Century
Ideas of Order

II. Gerard Dou: The Reconfigured Emblem
Foreground and Background
An Art of Surfaces
Drape and Curtain
The Space of Emblems
Uses of the Background Scene
Pictures within Pictures
An Empty Room

III. Nicolaes Maes: Space as Domestic Territory
The Eavesdroppers
Pictorial Space at Mid-Century
Re-creating the Dutch Interior
Mistresses and Maids
Diligence and Desire

IV. Pieter De Hooch: Indoors and Out
Figures in a Courtyard
Home and Cityscape
Masculine and Feminine Spaces
Privacy and Community
Exchanges at the Doorway
Public Interiors

Notes
Bibliography
Index

Martha Hollander is Associate Professor of Art History at New College of Hofstra University. She is the author of a book of poems, The Game of Statues (1990).

"How refreshing, how absolutely refreshing, to find a book on Dutch painting that asks readers to begin by simply looking. Hollander is faithful to the possibility--so common in painting, so unusual in scholarship--that the paintings are elusive, evasive, unsystematically ambiguous. Doors ajar, windows onto the street, paintings within paintings, half-drawn curtains, blank mirrors, a man's coat hung on a nail: those are the engines of interpretation, and Hollander tells their history lucidly and entirely persuasively."—James Elkins, author of The Object Stares Back

"Hollander offers fresh and compelling readings of key works by Karel van Mander, Gerard Dou, Nicolaes Maes, and Pieter de Hooch. Very few recent books on Dutch art are as rich as this; and few are written in such lucid, unpretentious prose. What shines forth from every page is a genuine love of the pictures. Here is art history well tempered to the objects it interprets."—Joseph L. Koerner, author of The Moment of Self-Portraiture in German Renaissance Art

"In recent years, scholars have explored how space signifies in seventeenth-century Dutch art and culture; Hollander's fascinating study is the most comprehensive to date. It examines space--as conceived in the writings of Dutch art theorists, constructed in contemporary architecture, and disposed and made meaningful in the work of Gerard Dou, Nicolaes Maes, Pieter de Hooch, and Karel van Mander. An Entrance for the Eyes lays a firm foundation for research on this intriguing and hitherto understudied aspect of Dutch art."—Wayne E. Franits, author of Paragons of Virtue: Women and Domesticity in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art