In this detailed investigation of the natural variation, geographical distribution, and modern taxonomy of the American Fragaria strawberry species, three species with four subspecies each and two hybrid species are recognized taxonomically. The author also discusses the phylogenetic relationships of the diploid and octoploid species and subspecies and their postpleistocene migration. The American octoploid Fragaria species are known as the ancestors of the large-fruited garden strawberries, so this study is of great horticultural interest and may contribute to the preservation of these species and their further use in strawberry breeding.